托福写作中倒装句和强调句在结构、功能等方面存在明显区别
- 2025年07月16日15:59 来源:小站整理
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1. **结构差异**:
- **倒装句**:部分倒装是将助动词、情态动词或系动词提到主语之前,如“Not until the teacher entered the classroom did the students stop talking.”;完全倒装则是把整个谓语动词置于主语之前,例如“In the park lies a beautiful lake.”。
- **强调句**:基本结构是 “It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他部分”。当强调的是人时,用“who”;强调事物或其他成分时,用“that”,例如“It was Tom who broke the window.” “It is the book that I want to buy.”。
2. **语义侧重点**:
- **倒装句**:大多是出于语法要求或特定表达需求改变语序。部分倒装常用于强调某种情况(如否定情况)或使句子衔接更紧密。如“Hardly had I arrived home when it started to rain.”强调“刚到家就下雨”这个时间上的紧迫性。完全倒装主要用来强调地点等状语,同时能让描述更具画面感,像“On the top of the mountain stands an old temple.”突出寺庙的位置。
- **强调句**:其核心功能是突出句子中的某一个特定成分,使该成分成为强调的焦点。比如“It was his honesty that made him popular.”强调“他受欢迎的原因是诚实” ,突出“诚实”这个关键因素。
3. **语用效果**:
- **倒装句**:能使文章的语言风格更丰富多样,增强句子的节奏感和表现力,使文章更具文学性和生动性。在写作中偶尔使用,可以吸引读者注意力,使表达不那么平淡,用于描述场景、进行对比等情境可增加生动性和逻辑性。
- **强调句**:有助于强调重点内容,让读者更明确作者想要突出的部分,尤其适用于需要突出关键论点、重要原因或特定事实的写作场景,增强文章说服力和清晰度。
4. **回复方式**:
- **倒装句**:回答倒装句问题时,一般按照正常语序回应其内容核心。例如,对“Never have I seen such a strange bird.(我从未见过如此奇怪的鸟。)”回应可直接说“I saw it in the forest last week.(我上周在森林里看到它了。)”
- **强调句**:回答强调句的提问,要针对被强调部分具体作答。比如针对“It was his brother who helped you out, right?(是他哥哥帮你摆脱困境的,对吗?)”回答“Yes, it was his brother.(是的,是他哥哥。)”
5. **对句子意思完整性影响**:
- **倒装句**:倒装句语序改变不影响基本语义完整,把倒装句还原成正常语序后句子意思大致不变,如“Out rushed the students.(学生们冲了出去。)”还原为 “The students rushed out.”意思一样。
- **强调句**:强调句去掉 “It is/was...that/who” 结构后,句子结构被破坏,部分句子语义不完整;有的句子虽然语义完整但强调意味消失。如“It was because of his hard work that he achieved success.”去掉强调结构后 “Because of his hard work he achieved success.” 语义完整但突出原因的强调效果没了;再如“It was in Shanghai that I met my old friend.”去掉结构后“In Shanghai I met my old friend.”虽能理解但强调在上海这个地点的意味减弱。
6. **使用场景特点**:
- **倒装句**:在描述某个事件发生顺序、事物位置关系或用于对比反差情况等场景中表现出色。比如论述不同人对某事不同反应,“Some people support the plan, while rarely do others oppose it.”清晰呈现对比。用于开头也能吸引读者,如“Outdoors is a place where we can relax and enjoy nature.”引出下文关于户外的讨论。
- **强调句**:常用于立论文阐述重要观点、因果关系分析中突出原因、解释关键因素。比如,“It is innovation that drives the development of a company.”在论述公司发展因素时强调创新重要性;“It was the lack of experience that led to his failure.”分析失败原因时突出缺乏经验因素。