托福综合写作定位阅读中心论点及分论点的方法介绍（生物学科文章）

2016年10月13日14:23 来源：小站教育作者：小站托福编辑

参与（1） 阅读（4646）

在托福综合写作考试中，考生要通过阅读内容和听力内容2个部分来决定你的文章该怎么写。那么对于阅读内容中的中心论点及分论点就是考生需要注意的，应该如何去寻找呢?这里小站教育编辑为大家整理了托福综合写作阅读部分定位阅读中心论点及分论点的方法（生态学科文章），希望对大家托福写作备考有帮助。

这里小编通过官方真题Official中的综合写作中的阅读内容还给大家介绍一下如何找到定位阅读内容的中心论点及分论点。

阅读内容：

Large numbers of dinosaur fossils have been discovered in deposits on Alaska’s North Slope, a region that today experiences an extremely cold, arctic climate. One hundred million years ago, when those dinosaurs were alive, the environment of the North Slope was already inhospitable, especially during the winter when it experienced several months of total darkness. How did the dinosaurs survive the wintertime? Paleontologists have proposed that one of the most common North Slope dinosaurs, the elephant-sized Edmontosaur (Edmontosaurus), survived the winter by migrating south to more hospitable regions. Several arguments support the migration hypothesis.

现今经历极寒，拥有北极气候的阿拉斯加北坡，发掘出了大量恐龙化石。一亿年以前，当这些恐龙依然存活的时候，北坡环境就已然不宜生物居住了，尤其在冬季，北坡经历着长达数月的黑暗。当时的恐龙是如何在那里的冬季生存下来的?以当时最常见的北坡恐龙——一种大象般大小的埃德蒙顿龙为例，古生物学家做出了如此假设：埃德蒙顿龙依靠迁徙至南部更宜居的区域来度过北坡的冬季。对于以上假说，有如下几点论据。

First, the Edmontosaur diet supports the migration hypothesis. Edmontosaurus fed exclusively on plants. Since there would have been no plants growing during the cold and dark North Slope winter, it appears that the Edmontosaur must have left for at least part of the year and migrated to more temperate zones to find food.

首先，埃德蒙顿龙的食谱支持了迁徙说。埃德蒙顿龙仅以植物为食。由于在寒冷而黑暗的冬天，北坡并无植物生长，埃德蒙顿龙势必在一年中的部分时间离开北坡，迁徙至更温暖的区域觅食。

Second, many Edmontosaur skeletons have been unearthed from the same site. This suggests that Edmontosaurs lived in herd. Many modern-day migratory animals, such as caribou and buffalo, live and migrate in herds as well. Moving in herds helps animals coordinate their migration. The finding that Edmontosaurs lived in herds further supports the migration hypothesis.

第二，许多埃德蒙顿龙骨架在相同的地点被发掘出了。这显示埃德蒙顿龙属于群居生物。许多现今存在的迁徙动物，比如驯鹿和水牛，也是成群结队迁徙的。成群移动能够帮助动物们在迁徙过程中更加协调一致。埃德蒙顿龙属群居动物这一发现，支持了迁徙说。

Finally, Edmontosaurs were physically capable of migrating long distances. To reach more hospitable regions, the Edmontosaur had to migrate about 1,600 kilometers southward. To make such a journey, the Edmontosaur needed to move at about five kilometers per hour for several weeks, which certainly could do. These animals could run very fast, reaching speeds up to 45 kilometers per hour. It could have easily used its locomotive power to move to warmer climate during the harsh arctic winter.

最后，埃德蒙顿龙的生理构造能够支持它们的长途迁徙。为了到达更加宜居的区域，埃德蒙顿龙必须朝南迁移1600公里。为了完成这一旅程，埃德蒙顿龙需要以每小时5公里的速度奔徙数周，当然，这些对于它们而言都不是事儿。埃德蒙顿龙奔跑的速度很快，接近每小时45公里。在严酷的北极冬季里，埃德蒙顿龙可以轻易地凭借其移动能力迁至温暖的气候环境中去。

看到这个文章，我们首先需要找到的内容就是中心论点：在这个阅读内容中，首段最后一两句往往是整篇文章总观点，最好在纸上记下关键词作为笔记

the elephant-sized Edmontosaur (Edmontosaurus), survived the winter by migrating south to more hospitable regions. Several arguments support the migration hypothesis.

那么分论点又有哪些呢?在这篇阅读应该说中分论点位于主体段首句或倒数一/二两句往往，若一主体段只有两句，则可能整段才能概括主旨

First, the Edmontosaur diet supports the migration hypothesis.

The finding that Edmontosaurs lived in herds further supports the migration hypothesis.

Finally, Edmontosaurs were physically capable of migrating long distances.

其次对于阅读文章的分论点，有时考生可以通过主体段来找分论点，下面小编就带大家一起来看看。

阅读主体段I：分论点 + 细节

First, the Edmontosaur diet supports the migration hypothesis. Edmontosaurus fed exclusively on plants. Since there would have been no plants growing during the cold and dark North Slope winter, it appears that the Edmontosaur must have left for at least part of the year and migrated to more temperate zones to find food.

分论点：每段的段首第一句或倒数一二两句，短段落的主旨可能为全段，需自行总结

本段分论点为第一句。埃德蒙顿恐龙的饮食习惯支持迁徙假说。

细节: 阅读中的细节一般包含举例、数字、原因、比较、反复出现的单词等

本段主要有一个细节：因为北坡寒冷又黑暗的环境里不可能有植物生长，所以埃德蒙顿恐龙肯定会迁徙到温带地区寻找食物。

在综合写作阅读部分，不仅要准确找出分论点，相应细节也不可忽略。

此处分论点的段落结构是这样的：

The Edmontosaur diet supports the migration hypothesis.

同义句转换：The migration hypothesis has been proved through the Edmontosaur diet.

阅读主体段II：分论点 + 细节

Second, many Edmontosaur skeletons have been unearthed from the same site. This suggests that Edmontosaurs lived in herd. Many modern-day migratory animals, such as caribou and buffalo, live and migrate in herds as well. Moving in herds helps animals coordinate their migration. The finding that Edmontosaurs lived in herds further supports the migration hypothesis.

分论点：每段的段首第一句或倒数一二两句，短段落的主旨可能为全段

本段的分论点为最后一句。埃德蒙顿恐龙群居的特点进一步支持了迁徙假说。

细节: 阅读中的细节一般包含举例、数字、原因、比较、反复出现的单词等

本段有两个细节。以驯鹿和水牛等现在的迁徙动物为例，表明它们也是群居并且群体迁徙的。群体移动有助于协调动物的迁徙。

在综合写作阅读部分，不仅要准确找出分论点，相应细节也不可忽略。

此处分论点的段落结构是这样的：

The finding that Edmontosaurs lived in herds further supports the migration hypothesis.

同义句转换：The fact that Edmontosaurs lived in herds also sustains the migration theory.

阅读主体段III：分论点 + 细节

Finally, Edmontosaurs were physically capable of migrating long distances. To reach more hospitable regions, the Edmontosaur had to migrate about 1,600 kilometers southward. To make such a journey, the Edmontosaur needed to move at about five kilometers per hour for several weeks, which certainly could do. These animals could run very fast, reaching speeds up to 45 kilometers per hour. It could have easily used its locomotive power to move to warmer climate during the harsh arctic winter.

分论点：每段的段首第一句或倒数一二两句，短段落的主旨可能为全段

本段的分论点为第一句。埃德蒙顿龙体力上能够长距离迁徙。

细节: 阅读中的细节一般包含举例、数字、原因、比较、反复出现的单词等

本段细节有两个，进一步解释了本段论据。第一，埃德蒙顿龙要向南迁徙大约1600公里才能到达更适宜居住的地方。第二，它们需要好几周每小时迁移5公里左右。

在综合写作阅读部分，不仅要准确找出分论点，相应细节也不可忽略。

此处分论点的段落结构是这样的：

Edmontosaurs were physically capable of migrating long distances.

同义句转换：Edmontosaurs were able to move such long distances physically.

以上就是小编能过实例子来为大家呈现托福综合写作阅读（生态学科文章）内容中如何定位中心论点及分论点，希望对大家托福写作提分有帮助。最后，小编预祝大家托福考试能取得理想的成绩。