托福听力课外资料练习：科学美国人60秒法庭科学试验相关内容分享

2017年07月07日17:42 来源：小站整理

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在托福听力考试的备考过程中，科学美国人60秒相信大家一定用得比较多，那么大家平时是如何利用这个课外资料的呢?这里小编整理了科学美国人60秒：法庭科学试验相关的内容分享，大家一起来学习一下吧。

科学美国人60秒听力练习：法庭科学试验

This is Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Steve Mirsky.

Got a minute?

"We have increasing doubts about this evidence, but we don't feel yet that we have the scientific knowledge and basis to exclude it altogether."

Jed Rakoff, United States District Judge for the Southern District of New York. He spoke about forensic evidence—and the need for it to actually be based in science—at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Boston on February 18th.

In 2009 the National Academy of Sciences issued a report critical of a lot of the forensic evidence in the courtroom.

"Most fundamentally...the report said that what was really lacking was testing and research. And thus they questioned whether any of this could be called science and they also questioned whether it was really that accurate...

But forensic evidence is still widely admitted, even when the science behind it may be lacking.

I think courts continue, despite their doubts, to admit this evidence...and that is still the feeling...that, eh, it's still better than nothing, it's still useful evidence, it has some degree of objectivity that's not present in much lay testimony. And therefore it is useful. The problem of course is it comes heralded as science, and that gives it a weight that is probably disproportionate.

I had a case, this was before the National Academy report, but it's sort of illustrative of what I'm talking about...United States versus Glynn. In that case, the government put on a tool-mark expert to testify that the markings on the shell that had been found at the scene of the crime matched the markings inside the barrel of the gun that had been found under the defendant's bed...and I asked him, for example, what's your error rate and what's the error rate of this methodology that you're using. And he said zero. And I said zero? And he said yes. And I said how can it be zero. And he said well, in every case I've testified, the guy's been convicted."

Thanks for the minute for Scientific American — 60-Second Science Science. I'm Steve Mirsky.

科学美国人60秒中文翻译：

这里是科学美国人——60秒科学。我是史蒂夫·米尔斯基。

有一分钟时间吗?

“虽然我们对这种证据的怀疑越来越多，但是我们认为，目前我们还没有能完全排除这种证据的科学知识和原理。”

杰德·拉科夫是纽约南区法院的美国地区法官。他就法庭证据及其基于科学的需要发表了讲话，这段讲话发表在2月18日美国波士顿科学促进会的年度会议上。

2009年，美国国家科学院发表了一份报告，对法庭上的大量法庭证据进行了批评。

“最根本的是，报告指出，法庭证据缺少测试和研究。因此，他们质疑这些证据是否可以称为科学、是否准确。

但是法庭证据仍被广泛承认，即使其可能缺少科学根据。

我认为，虽然存在质疑，但是法庭仍会继续承认这些证据，现在人们依然认为，有证据总比没有强，他们依然认为这些是有用的证据，存在某种程度的客观性，而这种客观性是大部分非专业证词所缺少的。所以这种证据是有用的。当然，问题在于法庭证词被视为科学，同时被赋予了可能并不恰当的重要性。

在美国国家科学院的报告发表以前，我接触过一个案子，这个案子可以说明我现在在谈论的情况，这个案子就是美国政府诉格林案。在那个案子中，美国政府派了一名工具痕迹专家来证实，在犯罪现场发现的弹壳上的痕迹与被告床下枪筒内的痕迹一致。我问了那名专家几个问题，比如，你的错误率是多少，你现在所使用方法的错误率是多少?他回答说错误率为零。我又问他，错误率是零?他说是零。我说，怎么可能是零呢?他说他作证的每件案子，被告都被定罪了。”

谢谢大家收听科学美国人——60秒科学。我是史蒂夫·米尔斯基。

以上就是小编为大家整理的科学美国人60秒：法庭科学试验的文本以及翻译，大家练习的时候还可以找来音频资料一起练习，效果定会更好。最后，小编预祝大家托福考试能取得理想的成绩。

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