托福阅读推理题中如何找准推理依据

2018年04月20日09:38 来源：小站整理: 参与（0）阅读（3371）

摘要：推理依据来自何处呢?当然是原文。那么又如何从茫茫词海中找到这一依据呢?根据题干。解题的时候，题干就像茫茫大海中的一座灯塔，往往会为我们指引正确的方向。

在托福阅读十大经典题型中，推理题的难度排行仅次于文章内容小结题，往往是令考生们闻之色变的一道难题。要提高推理题的解题正确率，首要前提就是要能够准确找到该题的推理依据。下面结合例题我们分享一下在解答推理题时，如何准确找到推理依据。

推理依据来自何处呢?当然是原文。那么又如何从茫茫词海中找到这一依据呢?根据题干。解题的时候，题干就像茫茫大海中的一座灯塔，往往会为我们指引正确的方向。因此，完成阅读推理题我们应该——步骤一，审题。通过审题，确定本题的推理对象。步骤二，回原文中锁定推理对象的位置。如果推理对象存在于原文某个句子中的其中一个分句或一个部分，则推理依据就在本句剩下的内容中;如果推理对象存在于原文一个完整的句子中，则推理依据需要结合上下文。

实例解析：(官方真题Official24)

By whatever means, a lake is constantly gaining water and losing water: its water does not just sit there, or, anyway, not for long. This raises the matter of a lake’s residence time. The residence time is the average length of time that any particular molecule of water remains in the lake, and it is calculated by dividing the volume of water in the lake by the rate at which water leaves the lake. The residence time is an average; the time spent in the lake by a given molecule (if we could follow its fate) would depend on the route it took: it might flow through as part of the fastest, most direct current, or it might circle in a backwater for an indefinitely long time.

It can be inferred from paragraph 4 that the length of time a given molecule of water remains in a lake

A. depends entirely upon the average speed of a lake' s currents

B. can be measured by the volume of the lake alone

C. can be greater or lesser than the residence time

D. is similar to the length of time all other molecules remain in that lake

解题具体步骤：

1)首先审题，我们知道推理对象为the length of time a given molecule of water remains in a lake;

2)然后通过定位，找到原文包含推理对象的句子，即原文最后一句话的后半句，“The residence time is an average; the time spent in the lake by a given molecule (if we could follow its fate) would depend on the route it took: it might flow through as part of the fastest, most direct current, or it might circle in a backwater for an indefinitely long time.”

3)本句话以分号分成了前后两个分句，因此前一个分句也需要分析。前一个分句，即“The residence time is an average，停留时间是平均的”，这个信息点需要记住;

4)接下来再把后半句看完。后半句，即“the time spent in the lake by a given molecule would depend on the route it took，一分子的水停留在湖里的时间取决于它所走的路线”，隐含意思即水停留在湖里的时间是不固定的，走的路线是直线，则停留时间短，走的路线是循环的，则停留时间就长;

5)结合前一个分句，可得出结论，一分子的水停留在湖里的时间可能比residence time 长，也可能比它短，故答案为C。

通过讲解上述例题，相信考生们能够把握推理依据的方向，简而言之，包含推理对象的句子是完整的，则结合上下文寻找推理依据;如果包含推理对象的句子是不完整的，则推理依据蕴藏在本句中。