【小站名师】Lecture中的结构词与过渡词透露了哪些重要信息？
- 2016年08月29日10:07 来源：小站教育作者：小站教育 Lesley
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托福听力的讲座部分，历来是令考生们头疼的难点所在，一篇五六分钟长度的学科讲座，如何记住文章中的主要信息，并且将有效信息按照顺序原则排列记录，使其成为我们做题时的判断依据。那么我们需要学会利用文章中结构词和过渡词对我们起到的提示作用。下面我们来一起讨论下lecture当中结构词和过渡词给我们透露出来的重要信息以及如何应用。
一.结构词的应用
托福听力当中的讲座是有着一定的组织结构在里面，按照老师的授课思路去讲解，所以很多讲座当中有明确的线索体现，结构词可以帮助我们给文章清晰的分层分点，并且在做题时加以利用。
比如官方真题Official题目中(官方真题Official5L1)：Meme
First, longevity.A replicator must exist long enough to be able to get copied, and transfer its information.Clearly, the longer a replicator survives, the better its chances of getting its message copied and passed on.So longevity is a key characteristic of a replicator.If you take the alligator story, it can exist for a long time in individual memory, let's say, my memory.I can tell you the story now or ten years from now, the same with the twinkle, twinkle song.So these memes have longevity because they are memorable for one reason or another.
例题：
What example does the professor give of a meme’s longevity?
A. A story has been changing since it first appeared in the 1930s
B. A person remembers a story for many years
C. A gene is passed on through many generations without changing
D. A song quickly becomes popular all over the world
根据文章内容，关于longevity的具体描述和解释，相应选择B项，many years对应时间长，a story对应meme文化基因。
文章中主要介绍meme文化基因作为replicator的一种，具备的三种特质：longevity，fecundity and fidelity.在第一个特点longevity处，用了first这个结构词提示出现;第二个特点Next, fecundity.第三个特点finally, fidelity.每一个特点出现的部分都有相对的题目出现。抓住每个结构词提示我们听到的信息，文章的主要框架结构就会清晰明了，相应的题目也迎刃而解。
二.过渡词的应用
文章中到处有表达各种连接关系的词语，我们同样可以加以利用，比如几种常见的逻辑关系，并列关系，转折关系，因果关系以及对比关系等。
比如官方真题Official题目中的(官方真题Official10L1)Whales
The name Ambulocetus natans comes from Latin of course, and means "walking whale that swims".It clearly had four limbs that could have been used for walking.It also had a long thin tail, typical of mammals, something we don't see in today's whales.But it also had a long skeletal structure, and that long skeletal structure suggests that it was aquatic.
According to the professor, what three aspects of the Ambulocetus fossil make Ambulocetus a likely bridge between land mammals and sea mammals?Click on 3 answers
A. It had an elongated skeletal structure
B.It strongly resembled a modern hippopotamus
C.It had an unusually kind and thin tail for a whale
D.It had limbs that could have been used for walking
E.Its skull had ear bones characteristic of land mammals
在介绍Ambulocetus natans 这类生物的具体特点时，连续用了三个并列句，and,also等表并列的过渡词来串联。那么段落当中的limbs,tail和skeletal structure作为三个连续的特点应在此选出，这就是表并列的过渡词的实际应用。
总而言之，结构词和过渡词是简化文章内容和梳理文章结构的有效工具，大家要学会总结归纳，注意这些词语出现的位置和起到的作用，同样的出题点要善于举一反三，使这些看起来不起眼的小词语，起到了不起的大作用!
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