托福阅读考试有哪些？学会用运用逻辑法去猜测

2015年11月19日09:56 来源：小站整理

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在托福备考的过程中，我们托福阅读能力始终不能提升的原因往往总会归结到词汇量的问题上。但是，想要快速的理解托福阅读文章的内容，逻辑思维还是一个非常重要的部分。那么，以下内容中我们就用实例来为大家解析如何用逻辑判断托福阅读的考点。

Two species of deer have been prevalent in the Puget Sound area of Washington State in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. (当我们看到开头是数字的时候，我们知道下边的内容肯定是要展开来说的，就要注意分总的结构了，果然后边分开介绍了黑尾鹿和白尾鹿)The black-tailed deer, a lowland, west-side cousin of the mule deer of eastern Washington, is now the most common. The other species, the Columbian white-tailed deer, in earlier times was common in the open prairie country; it is now restricted to the low, marshy islands and flood plains along the lower Columbia River. (当我们看到加粗字体的时候，我们意识到这儿有一个对比——古今时间的对比，对比是听力和阅读中会出考题的地方，所以这个地方是我们要注意的重点了)

第一题就是事实信息题，正确答案D选项果然就出自这里，时间的对比处~

1. According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of the white-tailed deer of Puget Sound?

○It no longer lives in a particular type of habitat that it once occupied

Nearly any kind of plant of the forest understory can be part of a deer's diet. (开头句点明主旨，这段讨论的是鹿的食物问题，所以后文介绍了食物的种类的影响因素，需要把这两个层次划分清楚，因为我们知道如果出考题必定从这两方面来考。)Where the forest inhibits the growth of grass and other meadow plants, the black-tailed deer browses on huckleberry, salal, dogwood, and almost any other shrub or herb. But this is fair-weather feeding. (出现转折，考题的标志。表明了影响食物的因素：天气，季节，后文尤其说了雪的影响，所以会出考题)What keeps the black-tailed deer alive in the harsher seasons of plant decay and dormancy? One compensation for not hibernating is the built-in urge to migrate. Deer may move from high-elevation browse areas in summer down to the lowland areas in late fall. Even with snow on the ground, the high bushy understory is exposed; also snow and wind bring down leafy branches of cedar, hemlock, red alder, and other arboreal fodder.

当我们看到这个考题的时候. It can be inferred from the discussion in paragraph 2 that winter conditions，我们直接把答案定位在even with snow…的那句话。

The numbers of deer have fluctuated markedly since the entry of Europeans into Puget Sound country. The early explorers and settlers told of abundant deer in the early 1800s and yet almost in the same breath bemoaned the lack of this succulent game animal. Famous explorers of the north American frontier, Lewis and Clark arrived at the mouth of the Columbia River on November 14, 1805, in nearly starved circumstances. They had experienced great difficulty finding game west of the Rockies and not until the second of December did they kill their first elk. To keep 40 people alive that winter, they consumed approximately 150 elk and 20 deer. And when game moved out of the lowlands in early spring, the expedition decided to return east rather than face possible starvation. Later on in the early years of the nineteenth century, when Fort Vancouver became the headquarters of the Hudson's Bay Company, deer populations continued to fluctuate. David Douglas, Scottish botanical explorer of the 1830s, found a disturbing change in the animal life around the fort during the period between his first visit in 1825 and his final contact with the fort in 1832. A recent Douglas biographer states:" The deer which once picturesquely dotted the meadows around the fort were gone [in 1832], hunted to extermination in order to protect the crops."

由段落的第一句话，可以知道这段在讲数量的浮动，所以本段中出现了很多数字。并且这个段落中有两个事例，有事例出现会出修辞目的题。结果就有题目：The author tells the story of the explorers Lewis and Clark in paragraph 3 in order to illustrate which of the following points? (1)

The causes of this population rebound are consequences of other human actions.(看到这个句子，尤其是other这个单词，我们猜测接下来会分别介绍几种human actions) First, the major predators of deer—wolves, cougar, and lynx—have been greatly reduced in numbers.Second, conservation has been insured by limiting times for and types of hunting. But the most profound reason for the restoration of high population numbers has been the fate of the forests. (在这儿我们看到first，second和the most profound reason…虽然原文中没有说一二三，但是已经给了我们三个原因，这样的逻辑结构，我们猜测极有可能出否定事实信息，有三个正确的，剩余一个错误的)Great tracts of lowland country deforested by logging, fire, or both have become ideal feeding grounds of deer. In addition to finding an increase of suitable browse, like huckleberry and vine maple, Arthur Einarsen, longtime game biologist in the Pacific Northwest, found quality of browse in the open areas to be substantially more nutritive. The protein content of shade-grown vegetation, for example, was much lower than that for plants grown in clearings.

题目Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 5 as a factor that has increased deer populations?

○A reduction in the number of predators

○Restrictions on hunting

○The effects of logging and fire

○Laws that protected feeding grounds of deer