【写作技巧】提升托福独立写作 巧用例证表达法

2016年03月08日10:53 来源：互联网

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想要让自己的托福独立写作内容更加充实，通常我们都会在文章中引用各种各样的例证。但是，我们在使用例证时候，如果只能想到 "for example" 这样简单的表达方法又该怎么办呢?下面我们就为大家介绍一下托福写作巧用例证表达法，希望能为大家的托福写作带来帮助。

在托福例证使用时候，大家最熟悉的当然是 "for example" 和 "for instance" 了。这两个表达法后面可以接名词性成分或者句子。还可以说 "take … for example" ，比如： "Let's take an extreme case for example. …"用来修饰 "example" 的形容词很多， 应该熟练掌握：

characteristic; classic; prime; representative; typical | excellent; fine;

good; impressive; magnificent; outstanding; perfect; superb; wonderful

| fascinating; interesting; intriguing; notable; remarkable; striking;

graphic; vivid; dramatic; extreme; spectacular; clear; obvious; simple;

straightforward; blatant; flagrant; glaring | familiar; famous;

well-known; notorious; common; rare; much-quoted; oft-quoted;

often-quoted | illustrative; helpful; illuminating; instructive; useful;

practical | concrete; hypothetical

这里面要是你有哪个词不认识， 那就一定要背下来， 然后写作文的时候用上，这样你就用了一些“别人可能不用的词汇”，显得稍微superior 了一点。能够对 "example" 发出的动作有 : give; provide; contain; include; cite;draw; take (sth. a s ) ; f i n d 。而 "example" 能够发出的动作有 : abound;demonstrate; illustrate; show 等等。

也可以直接让“ 例子” 发出动作， 比如这样的情况： The behavior of　Meerkats giving alarm calls clearly/well exemplifies the existence of　altruism.

有很多个例子的时候， 用这样的表达法： "A, B, C, and so on." 或者 "A,B, C, and etc.." 如果是口语表达， 比较常用的有"..., and something like that."或者" . . . a n d s t u f f l i ke that."

有的时候， 你可能在举了很多个例子之后想说“ ... 就更不用提了。” 或者“ 更不消说… … ” ， 那用的表达法是： " not to men t i o n . . . " 或者 "let alone..." 。

举例子的时候， 可以先举几个例子然后再概括一下; 或者反过来， 先概括之后列举几个实例。所使用的结构分别是： "A such (B) as X, Y and Z" ;或者 "X, Y, Z, and other A" 。例如：History , philosophy, fundamental mathematics, and other abstract　subjects can be learnt mainly from books.Some subjects , such abstract ones as history, philosophy, and　fundamental mathematics, can be learnt mainly from books.

有的时候， 举例子可能需要做出限定或者指定， 那可以用 "as" 这个词，例如： " A narrow, confining room, as in a prison or convent, would　make anyone nuts. "

能够用丰富的例子说明问题其实是一种能力， 关键在于平时的刻意积累。

如果你有能力举出很多例子， 那就需要这样的句型：

Examples abound in history/our daily life that…

Examples /instances are countless/innumerable/numerous

Stories abound of alcoho l i c s who flush their daily pill down the t o i l e t　or "cheek" it, only to dispose of it later.

Similar examples of "nuptial gifts" abound throughout the anima l　world.

History/Our daily life/This world abounds in examples which　demonstrate…

The list will go on.

The list would be endless if we try to make an inventory of such　examples.The litany of drug damage goes on and on.

The list of profit-making, instinct-exploiting products is long.　Self-image can be indicated by a tone of voice that is confident,　pretentious, shy, aggressive, outgoing, or exuberant, to name only a　few personality traits.

如果你举的例子非常经典， 又显而易见， 不妨使用这个句型：

Remember that... ( 相当于“ 记得… … 吧? ” )

If we want to predict how aggressively a man will guard his wife, we need look no further than age. ( … 想想 / 看看就可以了)

Success requires a tenacious spirit and a drive to achieve. Nowhere is　this more apparent in the entertainment business. Thousands of　actors and actresses work tenaciously to have a career in the movies.　But without beauty or talent, tenacity i s n ' t always rewarded, and only a　few become stars.

用最近发生的事情做例子：

An instance occurred recently in which…如果举的例子是“ 轶事” 、“ 传说” 、“ 某个学说” 之类的， 那可以用这　样的句型： Legend/Gossip/Rumor/Words/A theory/A saying has it　that. . . ; As story goes: . . . ; That's how the story goes.; 或者Story　goes. . . ( g o e s 后面接完整的句子。例如： Story Goes Viral Alex Jones　appears on CNN, poll says three-quarters plus support Sheen. )

有的时候要用一些想象出来的例子说明问题， 那用这些词开头：

Consider ; Imagine; Suppose; Say; Assume; 或者在这些词后面直接　加上一个宾语或者一个宾语从句， 比如 "Imagine a person who is　worrying about his future." 或者 "Suppose a person is worrying about his future."

这样想象出来的 case ， 还可以用 sometimes , in some cases, in some specific cases 开头开始讲述。也可以用条件句型， "If…, …." 或者 "When…, …." 以及， There are many cases in which… ( 有些情况下… … ); There are moments when … ( 有些时候… … ); We all have　met the cases in which… ( 我们都会遇到… … 的情况) ; We all have　moments when… ( 有些时候我们都会… … ) … …

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