【备考必备】托福官方真题Official18阅读长难句资料汇总

2016年01月21日15:39 来源：互联网: 参与（4）阅读（7191）

摘要：托福官方真题Official是考生备考托福最常用的资料，对于一些托福阅读考试中常见的长难句，也是困扰考生最大的问题。那么这些长难句应该如何去应对呢？这里为大家整理了官方真题Official阅读长难句的汇总，希望对大家的托福阅读长难句备考有帮助。

在这里小编为大家带来托福官方真题Official18阅读长难句，希望对大家提高托福阅读水平有所帮助!

托福官方真题Official18阅读长难句官方真题Official18: Industrialization in the Netherlands and Scandinavia

1. In view of their later start and their lack of coal—undoubtedly the main reason they　were not among the early industrializers—it is important to understand the sources of　their success.

2. The people of the Netherlands, with a long tradition of fisheries and mercantile　　shipping, had difficulty in developing good harbors suitable for steamships: eventually　they did so at Rotterdam and Amsterdam, with exceptional results for transit trade with　Germany and central Europe and for the processing of overseas foodstuffs and raw　materials (sugar, tobacco, chocolate, grain, and eventually oil).

3. In Denmark and Sweden agricultural reforms took place gradually from the late　eighteenth century through the first half of the nineteenth, resulting in a new class of　peasant landowners with a definite market orientation.

4. The key factor in the success of these countries (along with high literacy, which　contributed to it) was their ability to adapt to the international division of labor　determined by the early industrializers and to stake out areas of specialization in　international markets for which they were especially well suited.

5. This meant a great dependence on international commerce, which had notorious　fluctuations; but it also meant high returns to those factors of production that were　fortunate enough to be well placed in times of prosperity.

官方真题Official18: The Mystery of Yawning

1. According to conventional theory, yawning takes place when people are bored or sleepy　and serves the function of increasing alertness by reversing, through deeper breathing,the drop in blood oxygen levels that are caused by the shallow breathing that　accompanies lack of sleep or boredom.

2. About the closest any research has come to supporting the tiredness theory is to　confirm that adults yawn more often on weekdays than at weekends, and that school　children yawn more frequently in their first year at primary school than they do inkindergarten.

3. But, while accepting that not everything in life can be explained by Darwinian　evolution, there are sound reasons for being skeptical of theories like this one, which　avoid the issue of what yawning does for adults.

4. Such yawning is often referred to as "incongruous" because it seems out of place, at　least on the tiredness view: soldiers yawning before combat, musicians yawning before　performing, and athletes yawning before competing.

托福官方真题Official18阅读长难句官方真题Official18: Lightning

1. Below this large, cold, negatively charged region, the cloud is warmer than -15℃, and at　these temperatures, collisions between ice crystals and falling ice pellets producepositively charged ice pellets that then populate a small region at the base of the cloud.

2. However, as the storm cloud develops, the ground beneath the cloud becomes　positively charged and lightning can take place in the form of an electrical discharge　between the negative charge of the cloud and the positively charged ground.

3. Once a channel has been formed, it is usually used by several lightning discharges, each　of them consisting of a stream of electrons from the cloud meeting a stream of positive　particles along the established path.

以上就是小编为大家整理的官方真题Official18阅读长难句，希望对大家托福阅读备考有帮助。最后小编预祝大家托福考试能取得理想的成绩。