托福课堂讨论怎么写范文
- 2025年04月14日10:01 来源：小站整理
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托福课堂讨论写作范文及解析
托福课堂讨论（Integrated Writing）部分要求考生在20分钟内阅读一篇学术短文、聆听一段讲座录音，并综合两者内容完成一篇150-225词的总结性文章。以下提供一篇范文及结构解析，帮助考生掌握高分写作框架。
题目背景
阅读材料：
文章讨论了恐龙灭绝的两种主要理论：
- 小行星撞击说：6500万年前，一颗小行星撞击地球，引发全球灾难性后果。
- 火山喷发说：同一时期，印度德干高原大规模火山喷发释放有毒气体，导致气候剧变。
听力材料：
教授反驳了阅读中的观点，提出火山喷发才是主因，并给出以下证据：
- 火山喷发持续时间长，影响更深远；
- 小行星撞击后沉积层中未发现大量恐龙化石；
- 火山灰覆盖区域与恐龙化石分布高度吻合。
范文
Integrated Writing Task Sample Response
The reading passage discusses two competing theories regarding the extinction of dinosaurs: the asteroid impact hypothesis and the volcanic eruption theory. While the text argues that both events contributed to the mass extinction, the lecture challenges this view by asserting that volcanic activity was the primary cause.
Firstly, the reading claims that the asteroid impact, which occurred approximately 65 million years ago, triggered a global disaster by ejecting dust and debris into the atmosphere, blocking sunlight and disrupting photosynthesis. However, the professor refutes this by pointing out that volcanic eruptions in the Deccan Traps region of India released vast amounts of sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide over a prolonged period, causing long-term climate change. This sustained environmental stress, the professor argues, was more likely to have driven species to extinction than a single catastrophic event.
Secondly, the passage suggests that dinosaur fossils from the extinction period are absent in sediment layers immediately following the asteroid impact, implying a sudden extinction. In contrast, the lecture contends that the lack of immediate fossil evidence does not exclude the asteroid's role but highlights the inadequacy of the impact theory. The professor explains that fossil preservation requires specific conditions, and the absence of fossils could simply reflect a gap in the geological record rather than a definitive timeline.
Finally, the reading posits that the asteroid impact hypothesis is supported by the discovery of iridium (a rare metal associated with extraterrestrial objects) in the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary layer. The lecture counters this by emphasizing that volcanic eruptions could also release iridium through deep-earth processes. Moreover, the professor cites evidence that areas heavily affected by Deccan Traps volcanism coincide with high concentrations of dinosaur fossils, suggesting a direct link between volcanic activity and habitat destruction.
In conclusion, while the reading acknowledges both theories, the lecture convincingly argues that volcanic eruptions were the primary driver of dinosaur extinction due to their prolonged impact and stronger correlation with fossil distribution.
Word Count: 230
高分写作技巧解析
- 结构清晰
- 引言段：概括阅读与听力的核心分歧。
- 主体段：分点对比阅读与听力中的论点，使用衔接词（如 However, In contrast, Finally）。
- 结论段：总结听力对阅读的反驳，强调听力观点的合理性。
- 内容精准
- 阅读观点：用引号或同义替换准确复述原文（如 asteroid impact hypothesis）。
- 听力反驳：引用教授的具体证据（如 Deccan Traps region，iridium release）。
- 避免个人观点：仅总结双方立场，不添加主观判断。
- 语言规范
- 学术词汇：使用 refute, prolonged, correlate 等高级词汇。
- 语法多样性：混合使用从句（如 which occurred approximately 65 million years ago）和非谓语动词（如 causing long-term climate change）。
- 时间管理
- 阅读阶段（3分钟）：标记关键信息（如 asteroid, volcanic eruption）。
- 听力阶段（2分钟）：速记反驳点（如 Deccan Traps, fossil distribution）。
- 写作阶段（15分钟）：按模板填充内容，预留2分钟检查拼写。
常见错误及改进建议
| 错误类型 | 示例 | 改进建议 |
|--||--|
| 忽略听力细节 | "The professor disagreed." | "The professor refuted the asteroid theory by citing evidence of volcanic eruptions." |
| 过度简化论点 | "Volcanoes killed dinosaurs." | "Volcanic eruptions caused climate change that led to extinction." |
| 逻辑跳跃 | "Fossils were missing." | "The absence of fossils in impact layers does not disprove volcanic activity." |
通过练习范文中的结构与表达，考生可提升信息整合能力，在考试中高效完成课堂讨论任务。建议配合TPO真题（如TPO 54, 68）进行限时训练，并使用Grammarly检查语法错误。
