实例讲解考托听力中的单句理解的方法
- 2014年05月05日11:24 来源：小站整理
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当储备了一定的词汇基础后，建议你可以开始听写训练了。在听写材料方面，最初大家可以拣有兴趣的材料写，能听出多少写多少。而之后的阶段就是到了更高的一个境界，听写不再那么机械，需要我们加入更多的理解。也就是，单句理解。
那么单句的理解要达到一个什么样的效果呢?
首先要知道这句话的main idea：比如Everyone will agree, he argues, that happiness is the ultimate end to be valued for itself and really only for itself. For what other purpose is there in being happy? What does it yield ? The attainment of happiness becomes the ultimate or highest good for Aristotle.此句话如果做听写会很麻烦，因为开头那个插入语引导的两个义群都相对较长：everyone will agree/ that happiness is the ultimate end to be valued for itself，如果一般的听写会把语流所带出来的逻辑打乱：这样，考生的脑子里就会形成“每个人都知道，他(Aristotle)提出，幸福是人类追求的最终要义……”原本流畅的一句话就这样被切割了。但是当我们注重一句话的main idea的时候，我们就会发现，这两句听完，表达的就是一个意思：幸福是人类追求的最终成就(要义、结果……)
同理，另外一句：What that means...the general definition of sustainable is will there be enough to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future to have the availability...to have the same resources?一句话，简而言之即：不能牺牲子孙利益而寻发展。主要抓住sustainable和compromise两个词就能很好地理解大意;
第二，学会判断出一句话的感情色彩：在某些语气强烈的句子当中，比如反问句和对比性较强的句子，说话者往往拿两个事情进行对比而得出一个答案，此时，我们只要听出得出的答案即可：比如，But why? why do workers and soliders have to learn self-control? Well,how can a society flourish if the workers and soliders don't control their desires and emotions?此处一个反问句，其实表达的意思即一种：Anyway,无论如何，W和S should and must learn to control themselves。这样也减轻了大家在听力的时候记忆可能过载的现象。
最后，根据几句话的内容来推测即将展开的内容：比如，
1. So, for Watson, thinking is identical with the activity of muscles. A related concept of thinking was developed by William James. It's called ideomoter action;接下来展开的是ideomoter action;
2. But why? why do workers and soliders have to learn self-control? Well,how can a society flourish if the workers and soliders don't control their desires and emotions? Plato thinks if the they aren't under control, workers will sleep too much and play too much, so they're not going to get their jobs done. And soliders need to channel their high spiritedness in a certain direction, precisely by being courageous.But you are not going to get that automatically.推断接下来要讲如何使W和S能够学会self-control的，所以接下来文章提出的education问题才不会显得十分突兀。
总之，在听力锻炼的过程中，除了听写能力之外，还需要不断加强本身对于句子的大意、感情色彩和句子间的逻辑关系的推测，这样才是听力水平提升的最高境界。
