【实例详解】托福阅读中如何简化长句？把握逻辑关系是重点
- 2014年10月24日10:18 来源：小站整理
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托福阅读句子简化题的重点，就在于提取句子的主干，这样节省阅读时间。有些同学对于分析长难句并不是那么敏感，那么对于长句我们究竟应该如何去应对呢？下面我们就用一些实例来为大家讲解一下如何进行长句简化。
首先，句子简化题在托福阅读中出现的个数是0-1个。它的题干问法是固定的，永远都是。
which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.就是从四个选项中学出最能表达文中高亮句的主要信息，所以不管做多少次句子简化题，大家都不要浪费时间去读题直接看选项就好了。
解答句子简化题并不是像一般人认为的去翻译这个句子才能解题，一般是需要以下这两个步骤的。第一，看到句子之后的第一个反应是找句子内部的逻辑关系。常见的逻辑关系有两种转折或者因果。举例来说，若原高亮句有转折的逻辑关系，第一步需要做的事情是排掉选项中逻辑关系不对的即不是表示转折的，若选项中还有两个以上逻辑关系都相符合，那么采用的原则是逻辑成分的对应。这是第一步有逻辑关系的时候采用的方法，如果高亮句中没有逻辑关系需要采用第二步，提取高亮句中的主干信息，排掉选项中主干信息不符的。
为了让大家更好的体会答题方法，举个例子来进一步诠释一下。
Paragraph 9: The relative amount of these two kinds of water varies greatly from one kind of rock or sediment to another, even though their porosities may be the same. What happens depends on pore size. If the pores are large, the water in them will exist as drops too heavy for surface tension to hold, and it will drain away; but if the pores are small enough, the water in them will exist as thin films, too light to overcome the force of surface tension holding them in place; then the water will be firmly held.
Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information
○Surface tension is not strong enough to retain drops of water in rocks with large pores but it strong enough to hold on to thin films of water in rocks with small pores.
○Water in rocks is held in place by large pores and drains away from small size pores through surface tension.
○Small pores and large pores both interact with surface tension to determine whether a rock will hold water as heavy drops or as a thin film.
○If the force of surface tension is too weak to hold water in place as heavy drops, the water will continue to be held firmly in place as a thin film when large pores exist.
首先，高亮句中有一个很明显的逻辑关系词叫but说明原句是转折的逻辑关系，按照我的方法选项中不是表示转折的全都排掉那只剩下选项A了，那么这个题就选A。此种方法可以在句子很长读不懂题的情况下快速解答出来。
那我们来看一下原句话的意思说如果孔大，里面的水就会形成水滴对于表面张力来说太沉了hold不住，结果就是里面的水就流走了，但是如果孔小的话里面的水就会以薄膜的形式存在，表面张力就能hold住结果里面的水就会留在里面了。如果我们根据意思来的话此题一样也选A选项。
