托福阅读｜当我们读题时，我们该想什么

2018年04月27日14:17 来源：互联网

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在做托福阅读的细节类题目和推断题的时候，做题习惯一般分为两类：1.先把原文或原段读个通透，然后结合自己的记忆信息来阅读题目、选择选项;2.先读题目，根据题目中得关键词定位到原文某个句子，然后根据定位句的句意来判断哪个选项是正确答案。不管你属于哪一类，都请仔细阅读本文，因为今天内容的重点是这两种解题习惯中都不可或缺的一个步骤：读题。

读题的时候，我们需要做的都不仅仅是搞清楚题目的类型、找出定位的关键词以及找到定位句，我们还需要在最开始就清楚地明白，题目到底是在问什么。

这样做会带来两个好处：

1.方便我们在之后的做题步骤中，有效地筛选出回答题目的信息，快速排除无效信息，减少纠结上浪费的时间;

2.能够帮助我们避开出题人故意设置的干扰选项

大家先来做一下下面这道题，

选自官方真题Official11的Ancient Egyptian Sculpture

Paragraph 1: In order to understand ancient Egyptian art, it is vital to know as much as possible of the elite Egyptians' view of the world and the functions and contexts of the art produced for them. Without this knowledge we can appreciate only the formal content of Egyptian art, and we will fail to understand why it was produced or the concepts that shaped it and caused it to adopt its distinctive forms. In fact, a lack of understanding concerning the purposes of Egyptian art has often led it to be compared unfavorably with the art of other cultures: Why did the Egyptians not develop sculpture in which the body turned and twisted through space like classical Greek statuary? Why do the artists seem to get left and right confused? And why did they not discover the geometric perspective as European artists did in the Renaissance? The answer to such questions has nothing to do with a lack of skill or imagination on the part of Egyptian artists and everything to do with the purposes for which they were producing their art.

问题1：Paragraph 1 suggests that one reason Egyptian art is viewed less favorably than other art is that Egyptian art lacks

A. a realistic sense of human body proportion

B. a focus on distinctive forms of varying sizes

C. the originality of European art

D. the capacity to show the human body in motion

这道题目的答案是D，小伙伴们检查检查，看看做没做对。

1.如果做对了，那么请尝试着给其他同学讲讲你是咋选的，如果能够讲清楚，那么代表你已经是阅读的大神级人物了。

2.如果没做对，且听我娓娓道来。

这道题目通常会犯的一个问题就是根据定位的句子：In fact, a lack of understanding concerning the purposes of Egyptian art has often led it to be compared unfavorably with the art of other cultures. 直接进行答案的选择。但实际上，如果你只定位或读到这个句子，那说明你根本没有看清楚题目，做题的时候根本没有动脑筋。

题目问的是：埃及艺术缺乏了一个什么东西，使得它不被人们喜欢?

这个句子虽然存在一个表示因果关系的led to，但总结一下就会发现，尽管结果“compared unfavorably with the art of other cultures”和题目一毛一样，这个句子给我们的原因却是“不理解埃及艺术”，也就是说“因为人们没有足够的理解埃及艺术的目的，才导致他们觉得埃及艺术很挫”呢!

只有欣赏者才会不理解埃及艺术，怎么可能是埃及艺术自身无法理解自己???

所以，只有读懂了题目的意思才能知道，原来找到了一个完全无用的信息啊。并且，我们也不会反复纠结“为什么没有一个选项能够对的上原文的信息”这个问题了。

接下来，我们需要做的事情就是继续寻找相关信息。

我们把冒号前后的两个完整句子连在一起看一下：

In fact, a lack of understanding concerning the purposes of Egyptian art has often led it to be compared unfavorably with the art of other cultures: Why did the Egyptians not develop sculpture in which the body turned and twisted through space like classical Greek statuary?

事实上，不理解埃及艺术的目的通常会导致大家不像喜欢其他文化一样喜欢埃及艺术：为什么埃及人创造的雕塑没有像古典希腊雕塑那样带有身体的转动和扭动呢?

绕来绕去，其实就是在说：

不清楚埃及艺术的目的——看到埃及雕塑缺乏body turned和twisted——认为埃及雕塑特别挫

看到这儿，我们已经能够妥妥的得出能够回答题目的答案了，那就是埃及艺术缺乏对肢体动作的描绘，答案很自然就是D!

看到这不禁感叹一句，艺术家也挺不容易的，作品搞得太大众吧，被人认为屌丝，搞得太阳春白雪，又会被诟病太装逼，为之奈何且为之奈何啊。。。

我们再来做一道题，选自官方真题Official20的Westward Migration

Paragraph 2: Why were these hundreds of thousands of settlers—most of them farmers, some of them artisans—drawn away from the cleared fields and established cities and villages of the East? Certain characteristics of American society help to explain this remarkable migration. The European ancestors of some Americans had for centuries lived rooted to the same village or piece of land until some religious, political, or economic crisis uprooted them and drove them across the Atlantic. Many of those who experienced this sharp break thereafter lacked the ties that had bound them and their ancestors to a single place. Moreover, European society was relatively stratified; occupation and social status were inherited. In American society, however, the class structure was less rigid; some people changed occupations easily and believed it was their duty to improve their social and economic position. As a result, many Americans were an inveterately restless, rootless, and ambitious people. Therefore, these social traits helped to produce the nomadic and daring settlers who kept pushing westward beyond the fringes of settlement. In addition, there were other immigrants who migrated west in search of new homes, material success, and better lives.

问题：According to paragraph 2, all of the following are reasons why Americans migrated westward EXCEPT

A. the desire to move from one place to the next

B. the hope of improving their socioeconomic status

C. the opportunity to change jobs

D. the need to escape religious or political crises

如果你选的是A、B、C其中一个，那么请你仔细阅读并思考下面的问题：

1.题目问的是啥?

2.这个句子啥意思?The European ancestors of some Americans had for centuries lived rooted to the same village or piece of land until some religious, political, or economic crisis uprooted them and drove them across the Atlantic.

3.The European ancestors of some Americans是美国人还是欧洲人?

答案：

1.下列哪一个原因不是美国人向西迁移的原因?

2.某些美国人的欧洲祖先几个世纪以来生活地点没有发生改变，直到某些宗教、政治或经济危机把他们赶出家园，迫使他们穿越了大西洋(来到美洲)。

3.米国人的欧洲祖先当然是欧洲人咯

所以，D选项的逃离宗教、政治危机，其实和米国人一点关系都没有，而是欧洲人最开始向西穿越大西洋、来到美洲的根本原因，那么D也就是这道题目的答案了(问题回顾：下列哪一个原因不是美国人向西迁移的原因?)