托福阅读句子插入题如何解答?4种解题思维让你一招致胜

2017年02月16日14:29 来源：小站教育作者：小站教育Clare老师

参与（7） 阅读（23193）

这里小站教育Clare老师为大家带来托福阅读句子插入题的解题方法。句子插入题(Sentence Insertion Question)是每篇托福阅读文章中的固定题型，考生们在面对该题型时常常感到茫然无措。有的同学习惯将插入句依次代入四个空格，试图通过理解每个空格前后的语境来寻找代入后句意最连贯的一项。熟不知这样的做法不但容易主观臆断插入句的说明位置，同时也耗费了大量的做题时间，因此学会采用正确的插入题做题方法极为重要。以下就为大家详细介绍四种能够快速打开插入题突破口的捷径，帮助大家在插入题中轻松过关。

一、巧借指代词和定冠词the

1.指代词

在英语中，指代词的出现一般说明前文已经提到过该事物或该事件。同理，如果插入句中使用了指代词，且指代的信息明显不是句子本身的内容时，则表明前文中已经有句子提到过其所指代的对象，直接找出该对象所属的句子，将插入句放入其后的空格处即可。值得注意的是，当插入句中的指代词是诸如this,these,such等，后面会直接跟名词使用，利用该名词回到原文中进行原词或者同义词定位后即可直接确定答案。但是如果插入句中使用的代词是诸如it, they等单独指代某事物时，则无法一目了然地看出其所指带的概念是什么，此时就需要先根据插入句的内容推出其所指代的对象，随后再回每个空格前找出现过该对象的句子，最终得出答案。

真题实训(官方真题Official12.2/13)：

Their competition and collaboration were creating the broadcasting industry in the United States, beginning with the introduction of commercial radio programming in the early 1920s. ■【A】With financial assets considerably greater than those in the motion picture industry, and perhaps a wider vision of the relationships among entertainment and communications media, they revitalized research into recording sound for motion pictures. ■【B】In 1929 the United States motion picture industry released more than 300 sound films—a rough figure, since a number were silent films with music tracks, or films prepared in dual versions, to take account of the many cinemas not yet wired for sound. ■【C】At the production level, in the United States the conversion was virtually complete by 1930. ■【D】

Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit?

When this research resulted in the development of vastly improved sound techniques, film studios became convinced of the importance of converting to sound.

解析：插入句中提到了指代词this，指代的对象为research研究，说明在这句话之前已经提到过research或与之词义相关的表达，而B选项前恰好提到了research，所以答案为B选项。

真题实训(官方真题Official17.1/13)：

The sheer scale of the investment it took to begin commercial expansion at sea reflects the immensity of the profits that such East-West trade could create. ■【A】Spices were the most sought-after commodities. ■【B】Spices not only dramatically improved the taste of the European diet but also were used to manufacture perfumes and certain medicines. ■【C】But even high-priced commodities like spices had to be transported in large bulk in order to justify the expense and trouble of sailing around the African continent all the way to India and China. ■【D】

Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit?

They were highly valued for a couple of reasons.

解析：插入句中使用了指代词they，但是指代的对象并不能直接看出来，通过分析插入句的句意可知they指代的是某种事物的复数形式，且该事物受到高度重视，适当回顾原文即可推知they指代的对象是spices香料，提到spices的句子有A点后和B点后这两句话，再根据插入句中的a couple of reason可知后文对其受到重视提出了两个原因的解释，正好对应了B点后not only……but also……的说明结构，所以答案为B选项。

2.定冠词the

定冠词the的用法多种多样，譬如the与某些名词或者形容词连用表类别(the Chinese中国人，the rich有钱人，the young年轻人……)，与比较级、最高级、序数词、乐器、姓氏、方位名词等构成固定搭配，与带有后置定语的名词搭配等等。除了我们常见的这几类用法之外，某些句子中的定冠词the也跟指代词一样可以用来特指前面已经提到过的人或物，如过符合这一条件，即可利用与指代词相同的原理借助插入句中的定冠词the所修饰的名词进行选项判断。

真题实训(官方真题Official11.3/13)：

Many signals that animals make seem to impose on the signalers costs that are overly damaging. ■【A】A classic example is noisy begging by nestling songbirds when a parent returns to the nest with food. ■【B】These loud cheeps and peeps might give the location of the nest away to a listening hawk or raccoon, resulting in the death of the defenseless nestlings.■【C】In fact, when tapes of begging tree swallows were played at an artificial swallow nest containing an egg, the egg in that “noisy” nest was taken or destroyed by predators before the egg in a nearby quiet nest in 29 of 37 trials.■【D】

Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit?

The cheeping provides important information to the parent, but it could also attract the attention of others.

解析：插入句中提到了三个定冠词the修饰的名词：The cheeping，the parent，the attention of others，但是the attention of others带有限定词others，并不表示上文提及过该信息，只有前两个名词the cheeping和the parent没有特殊限定，与定冠词the也不是固定搭配，从而可以推知它们在前一句中出现过，结合原文即可确定答案为B选项，其中插入句的the cheeping同义替换了B点前的noisy begging。

二、巧寻与插入句核心名词高度相关的句子

在普遍的行文逻辑中，话题高度相关的两个信息句位置往往也相邻。因此可以根据插入句中的核心名词定位到四个空格前，找出与其话题最相关的句子，再进一步根据两句话间隐含的逻辑关系判断谁前谁后。

话题相关的信息往往有两种关联形式，一种是两个句子原词对应，此时要根据插入句中的核心词判断其在文中的出处相对简单。另一种是插入句的核心词对原文相关话题进行了同义转述，需要识别出核心词在原文中的出处需要识别出同义替换的信息，这种情况难度相对较大，对词汇的认知有着较高的要求。

1、原词对应

真题实训(官方真题Official13.2/13)

Animals need natural periodic signals like sunrise to maintain a cycle whose period is precisely 24 hours. ■【A】Such an external cue not only coordinates an animal's daily rhythms with particular features of the local solar day but also—because it normally does so day after day-seems to keep the internal clock's period close to that of Earth's rotation. ■【B】Yet despite this synchronization of the period of the internal cycle, the animal's timer itself continues to have its own genetically built-in period close to, but different from, 24 hours. ■【C】Without the external cue, the difference accumulates and so the internally regulated activities of the biological day drift continuously, like the tides, in relation to the solar day. ■【D】This drift has been studied extensively in many animals and in biological activities ranging from the hatching of fruit fly eggs to wheel running by squirrels.

Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit?

Because the internal signals that regulate waking and going to sleep tend to align themselves with these external cues, the external clock appears to dominate the internal clock.

解析：插入句中围绕两个核心名词internal signals以及external cues进行了两者关系的阐述，根据观察可知原文中与之话题高度相关的句子为B点前一句，该句中的Such an external cue......keep the internal clock's period......这一结构同样也对这两个核心名词进行了两者关系的描述，所以答案不是A就是B。又因为A选项后一句句首的Such表明其与前一句存在指代关系，即A选项前后关系密切不可切分，所以B选项正确。

2.同义转述

真题实训(官方真题Official13.3/13)

Film analysis of the infant's responses, heart and respiration rate monitors, and nonnutritive sucking devices are used as effective tools in understanding infant perception. ■【A】Film analysis permits researchers to carefully study the infant's responses over and over and in slow motion. ■【B】Precise measurements can be made of the length and frequency of the infant's attention between two stimuli. ■【C】Heart and respiration monitors provide the investigator with the number of heartbeats or breaths taken when a new stimulus is presented. ■【D】 Numerical increases are used as quantifiable indicators of heightened interest in the new stimulus.

Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit?

The repetition allows researchers to observe the infant's behavior until they reach agreement about the presence and the degree of the infant's response.

解析：插入句中的核心名词为句子的主语the repetiton，重复。观察可知原文中并无与之完全对应 的词汇，但是在B选项的前一句中提到了短语over and over，同样也表示重复，一次又一次，与插入句中的repetition构成同义转述，所以这两个句子话题高度相关，答案应该在A和B之间。同时又因为repetition前面使用了定冠词the，说明前一句应该已经提到过其所指示的信息，因此可以确定B选项正确。