【写作备考】托福写作论证法之数据例证法介绍

2015年09月25日10:29 来源：小站整理: 参与（0）阅读（3794）

摘要：新托福独立作文写作学会技巧，拿到高分也不是那么困难了。而明确好整篇文章的结构线是个非常重要的要素。下面我们就为大家详细介绍托福写作备考如何使用数据例证法，希望能为大家的托福备考带来帮助。

在托福备考写作的过程中，举例论证法一般来说是最为常用也是最好的一种论证方法。但是在举例论证法中也是分为一般性例证，数据类例证和名人名事引证等等，而在我们想要明确的表达数字论证法的时候又应该怎么用呢?下面就为大家详细的介绍一下吧。

使用权威数据来证明我们的观点，很多同学会有疑问，觉得自己没有阅读过很多的数据类文献，觉得自己的数据太不真实，所以不敢往上写。首先，给大家打消这个疑虑，这个权威数据真的需要我们自己去读学术类的期刊吗，不需要。我们只需要学会合理编写数据，就可以了。同学们会问了，编的数据可靠吗，考官会去验证你数据的真实性吗? 这个大家不要担心，ETS的考官不会轻易怀疑大家所写的数据，因为参加托福考试的人群，有我们这样的科研小白，也有各个学科的大牛，所以只要你编写的数据合理，ETS是不敢妄下判断否定你论据的真实性的。

重点来到了，怎么去编写数据例证呢?

首先我们要有模板，

模板一：

A 年份 survey/ report, conducted by 组织/机构/xxx university, (after polling xxx 人群 aged x and x) proved that xx% a, xx% b, xx% c.

模板二：

According to 年份 surveys, conducted by 组织/机构， shows that …

其次，我们要积累编写数据例证时常用的机构/组织的名称：

环保局Environmental protection agency

卫生厅 department of public health

教育部Ministry of Education

人力资源部Human resource Department

交通局 Traffic department

数据类题目适用于哪类题目?最适用的题型是今昔对比类题目，如下：

Twenty years from now on, people will have more leisure time than they do now.

Secondly, the working time of people has become much shorter, thus resulting in people's preference for more leisure time. According to 1995 and 2005 surveys conducted by Human Resources Department, people worked 8 hours every day in 2005 while people in 1995 worked almost 9 hours each day. The shortened work time is caused by the wide use fo machines.

分析：

题目大意： 20年后，人们会有更多休闲时间。

人们休闲时间越来越多可以通过调查人们在1995和2005工作时长的减少反映出来。

It was easier to identify what jobs or careers were secure and successful in the past than it is now.

Additionally, a questionnaire about choosing an ideal job conducted by Career Service Center in China has surveyed two groups of people with the first at the age of 50 and above and the second aged from 20 to 30. 58.4%. According to the above survey, 32.5% of the first group respectively choose the option of civil servants and teachers. On the contrary, 72.4% of the second group circled the third option of other occupations such as singers, freelance writers and so on. The difference in the two groups of figures lies in the transition of people's attitude of choosing a job .

题目大意：现在更难以去判断一项工作是否成功。

通过一项问卷调查来说明现在人们打破了以前铁饭碗的观念，开始从事其他类别的工作，从而证明人们对于成功工作的定义变得多样化。

Nowadays it is easier to get educated than in the past.

A 2012-report conducted by Beijing Human Resources Department: the female percentage in the occupations such as professors, doctors, layers. Engineers grew by 80.3% compared to the days 50 years ago.

通过古今对比体面工作中女性比例的上升，来证明女性接受教育比以前要容易了。

总之，我们要想熟练的运用数据类论据，首先，记住固定的表达方式，其次，要总结常用的机构名称，最后，要知道数据类论据适合古今对比类文章。