托福阅读真题练习：美国社会团体的文本+真题+答案

2017年11月10日18:18 来源：小站整理: 参与（2）阅读（262031）

摘要：托福阅读真题哪里有?大家平时备考托福阅读考试的时候都用的是哪些真题呢?除了官方真题Official的托福阅读真题以外，大家进行托福阅读的练习大多数可能都是根据老托资料或者是课外资料来练习了。那么到哪里去找到托福阅读真题来进行练习呢?

托福阅读如何进行备考?除了大量的托福词汇储备以外，大家可能最需要的就是托福阅读真题的练习。那么除了官方真题Official你还有哪些托福阅读真题进行练习呢?今天小编就为大家整理了托福阅读真题100篇：美国社会团体的文本、题目以及答案，希望可以帮助到大家。

托福阅读100篇真题练习汇总：http://toefl.zhan.com/tfziliao63739.html

托福阅读文本：

According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group in the United States. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups,one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.

Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of "natural leaders."It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group.

Furthermore, although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader,research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to "get things done." Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-being of a social group's members. Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them. Group members expect expressive leaders to maintain stable relationships within the group and provide support to individual members.

Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members.They give orders and may discipline group members who inhibit attainment of the group's goals.Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to discipline, are quick to lighten a serious moment with humor, and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group.

As the differences in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect.

托福阅读题目：

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The problems faced by leaders

(B) How leadership differs in small and large groups

(D) The role of leaders in social groups

2. The passage mentions all of the following ways by which people can become leaders EXCEPT

(A) recruitment

(B) formal election process

(D) traditional cultural patterns

3. In mentioning "natural leaders" in line 9, the author is making the point that

(A) few people qualify as "natural leaders"

(B) there is no proof that "natural leaders" exist