【语法基础】新考托考试语法之平行结构
- 2014年05月08日11:05 来源：小站整理
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在新托福考试中，语法的要求并没有老托福那么十分明确，但是依然会有很多涉及语法的考题出现，虽然不是以具体题目出现。所以各位同学一定要注重语法问题，下面我们就一起来看看有关平行结构的语法介绍!
1. 含并列连词and but or的平行结构
解题要点 当上述并列连词连接两项或多项对等成分时，这些成分必须同词性、同形式。特别注意出现三项以上(含三项)的并列成分，多是考试焦点。
全真例题分析
(1) Quartz may be transparency, translucent, or opaque, and it may be colorless or colored (91.5)
[答案] A 并列连词or连接三项，其中两项为形容词translucent与opaque，故(A)应用形容词transparent与之并列。
(2) At the age of 94. Composer, conductor. Arranger. And acting Eva Jessye led her choral group in the first production of the opera porgy and Bess, written in 1935. (92.1)
[答案] A 并列连词and连接四项表示身份职业的名词，故(A)动名词应改为actress。
(3) Atrophy is a decrease in size of a cell, organ, tissues, or other part of the body such as (91.10)
[答案] C 并列连词or连接四项名词结构，其中cell 和organ皆为单数形式，故(C)亦应改为单数tissue。
(4) Direct mail advertising serves to acquaint customers with Products, alert them to new opportunities, and paving the way for other sales activities (93.1)
[答案] C 并列连词and连接三项动宾结构，前两项均为动词原形，故(C)动名词亦应改为原形动词pave.
(5) A majority of the reports received from people claiming to have seen the lengendaiy Loch Ness monster have proven to be mistakes, misconceptions, or they were being tricked. (93.10)
[答案] D 并列连词or连接三项成分。前两项均为名词，故(D)不应出现句子结构，而应改为名词tricks与前面的mistakes和misconceptions平行。
(6) The tongue is capable of many motions and configurations and plays vital rode in chewing, swallowed and speaking.
[答案] D 并列连词and连接三个单词。其中两项均为动名词，故(D)亦应改为动名词swallowing。
2. 比较级句型要求对比双方结构对等，比较范围相当。
全真列题分析
(1) Probably no man had more effcet on the daily lives of most people in the United States ------- Henry Ford. A pioneer in automobile production.
(A) as was
(B) than was
(C) than did
(D) as did (92.8)
[答案] C 比较句型 more…than 要求比较的双方结构相等。前项是实义动词的过去时形式had，故选(C)than did与之平行。
(2) The state of Maine generally has cooler temperatures than -------
(A) there are most other states
(B) most other states which have
(C) most other states have
(D) having most other states (93.10)
[答案] C 这是标准的more…than比较句型。只有(C)的句子结构与相对比的前一项完全一致。
(3) The annual worth of Utah*s manufacturing is greater than-------
(A) that of its mining and farming combined
(B) mining and farming combination
(C) that mining and farming combined
(D) of its combination mining and farming (91.8)
[答案] A 此句比较的是utah的年产值(the annual worth) (A)中that即代替了the annual worth，故前后比较的范围，内容一致。
(4) The activities of the international marketing researcher are frequently much broader than-------
(A) the domestic marketer has
(B) the domestic marketer does
(C) those of the domestic marketer
(D) that which has the domestic marketer (91.5)
[答案] C 此句比较的是国际市场研究者与国内市场研究者的活动(the activities) 为避免同词重复，用(C)those来代替前面的名词the activities ,因而对比双方比较的范围是平行相等的。
(5) Fructose is a monosaccharide sugar that is much sweeter -------
(A) than cane sugar does
(B) does cane sugar
(C) cane sugar
(D) than cane sugar (90.5)
[答案] D 此比较句型前半部分主系表结构，后半部不可出现助动词does(答案A及B)，但可省略系词，如(D)。
以上就是我们小站教育为大家整理的关于托福考试中平行结构的语法介绍，希望大家看完有所了解!
