【考托阅读资料】小站独家深度解析官方原题Official32——阅读Question 14
- 2014年06月13日17:50 来源：小站整理
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摘要：官方原题Official32已经横空出世，就被无数考托备考考生疯狂下载。小站教育先声夺人，更是想同学之所需，第一时间以最棒的师资力量深度全面解析官方原题Official32。让你不仅知其然，更能知其所以然。
14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some answer choices do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This questions is worth 2 points. The ecology of a site is changed through its colonization by new plants that arrive and grow there.
| A. The species that first colonize a disturbed site are typically ones that produce a large number of efficiently dispersed seeds. | D. Producing seeds that germinate at various times over long periods allows some plants to colonize sites that only occasionally present the right conditions for growth. |
| B. Plants that cannot successfully compete with other species can invade and colonize a site only if it is fertile and moist, such as a plowed field. | E. Large, long-lived seeds tend to result in large seed banks with short germination periods requiring favorable environmental conditions for development. |
| C. Pioneer species arrive at a site first but have lower survival rates than do species that arrive later. | F. The successive appearance and disappearance of species on a site is a result of variation in species' rates of invasion, growth, and survival. |
Answer: ADF
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A. The species that first colonize a disturbed site are typically ones that produce a large number of efficiently dispersed seeds. 翻译: 第一批将受干扰土地殖民的是那 些生产出大量有效传播的种子 的物种。 对应文章第二段的第二句: 先锋物种 — 即只是出现在殖民初期阶段的物种 — 趋向于快速入侵因为他们生产出大量有繁殖力的芽（种子、孢子等其他），也因为它们有一种有效的传播途径（通常是风）。所以该选项正确。 |
D. Producing seeds that germinate at various times over long periods allows some plants to colonize sites that only occasionally present the right conditions for growth. 翻译: 产生出发芽期不同的种子就允许 一些植物来殖民那些偶尔具有满 足生长条件的地方。 对应文章的第四段第一、二句：在殖民物种中发展出的一中适应性是发芽时间的高度变化。一个特定物种的种子展现出不同的发芽时间，增加了至少有一些种子在环境条件允许的情况下发芽的可能性。所以该选项正确。 |
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B. Plants that cannot successfully compete with other species can invade and colonize a site only if it is fertile and moist, such as a plowed field. 翻译： 只有当该地区土壤肥沃，潮湿的时候，比如说一块犁田，不能成功地与其他种群竞争的植物可以入侵并且殖民该地区。 第一段的最后两句提到了相关的概念, 但文章并没有提到cannot successfully compete with other species以及only if的相关信息。所以该选项错误。 |
E. Large, long-lived seeds tend to result in large seed banks with short germination periods requiring favorable environmental conditions for development. 翻译： 体积较大的长生种子趋向于形成大型种子库，在有利于生长的环境下有较短的发芽周期。 第三段后半段描述长生种子的特种只是说到了数量多，并没有提到发芽周期短这一特征，所以该选项错误。 |
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C. Pioneer species arrive at a site first but have lower survival rates than do species that arrive later. 翻译： 首批到达该地区的先锋种群比起后到的种群存活率更低。 第五段最后句提到了后殖民的种群与第一批殖民种群拥有相似的存活率。C选项违背原文的意思，所以错误。 |
F. The successive appearance and disappearance of species on a site is a result of variation in species’ rates of invasion, growth, and survival. 翻译： 一个区域的物种的连续出现和消失是物种入侵速度, 生长速度以及存活率都不同的结果。 对应文章第5段第一、二句：物种在植物群落中的自然衍替，物种出现和消失的短暂次序都取决在该物种的生命周期的不同阶段所发生的事件。入侵和生长速度的不同和变化在决定自然衍替的样式中扮演着重要的角色。所以该选项正确。 |
Comments:
A选项：对应第2段的核心意思，第2句话；
B选项：原文中没有明确说明的信息；
C选项：违背原文意思，第三段最后一句；
D选项：对应第4段的核心意思；
E选项：requiring favorable environmental conditions for development是原文中没有明确说明的信息；
F选项：对应第5段的核心意思新物种的殖民改变了该地区的生态。
