【听力资料】托福听力常见场景内容之图书馆
- 2014年04月08日13:17 来源：小站整理
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托福听力的场景对话按人物来分可以分为三类：一、学生和老师的对话 二、学生和校园工作人员的对话 三、学生和学生的对话。从内容上来讲，学生和老师一般会讨论一些比较偏学术的内容，学生和学生讨论的话题则比较杂，生活、学术等各种内容都可能涉及到，而学生和校园工作人员的对话则偏向生活化。本文将围绕对话场景中出现频率极高的学生与校园工作人员之一图书馆管理员的对话展开论述，帮助大家了解托福听力中图书馆场景的常见考点，同时帮助即将出国留学的同学们了解国外图书馆的服务与国内的差异。
图书馆场景在托福听力中出现所涉及的内容一般如下：资料种类，书刊状态，相关动词，图书馆各部门名称，图书馆相关政策与服务。下面新东方托福考试官网就带大家一起来总结一下图书馆场景中出现的考点：
一、资料种类
首先请看以下这段听力原文：
Librarian: Can I help you?
Student: Yeah, I need to find a review. It's for my English class. We have to find reviews of the play we are reading. But they have to be from when the play was first performed, so I need to know when that was and I suppose I should start with newspaper reviews and…
分析：这是官方真题Official 4 conversation 1的开头部分，学生直接表明前来图书馆的目的。在笔记过程中开头处开门见山表明主旨内容以及直接目的的语句是一定不能放过的，故其中的review, newspaper review等书刊种类词汇就是必记词汇，同时因果原则告诉我们so后的内容是很有可能出考题的，when…start with也应该出现在我们的笔记中。再看这个conversation之后需完成的第一道题：
Q1. Why does the man need the woman's assistance? Click on 2 answers.
m He does not know the publication date of some reviews he needs.
m He does not know the location of the library's video collection of plays.
m He does not know how to find out where the play is currently being performed.
m He does not know how to determine which newspaper he should look at.
根据笔记可选出答案：第一个选项。由此可见，在托福听力的图书馆场景中，所借资料种类的词汇是必须掌握的内容之一。新东方托福考试官网提醒大家需要掌握的常见资料种类还包括：magazine, periodical期刊，current issue现刊，back issue过刊，reference参考书目，textbook教科书，encyclopedia百科全书，fiction小说等。
在考查资料种类的同时，一些对话也会在所借资料的用途上出考题。
官方真题Official 9 Conversation 2
S: Excuse me. Can you help me with something?
L: I'll do my best. What do you need?
S: Well, I've received a letter in my mailbox saying that I'm supposed to return a book that I checked out back in January, it's call "Modern Social Problems". But because I'm writing my senior thesis, I'm supposed to be able to keep the book all semester.
分析：在原因连接词because之后出现的借书原因就是第一题考点的出处：
Q1. What are the speakers mainly discussing?
m A book that the man is trying to find in the library
m A book that the man already returned to the library
m A book that the man is using to write his senior thesis
m A book that the man lent to his sociology professor
二、书刊状态
图书馆场景里书刊状态主要包括以下这几种：available可借的，out on loan=out of circulation已借出，on reserve被预约，closed reserve/not for circulation只读不借，due到期，overdue过期，renewed被续借的，recalled被召回的。这些词汇大家全部都要掌握，比如在官方真题Official 14 Conversation 1中图书管理员与学生的对话：
Student: Hi, I am looking for this book---the American judicial system. And I can't seem to find it anywhere. I need to read a chapter for my political science class.
Librarian: Let me check in the computer. Um… doesn't seem to be checked out and it's not on reserve. You've checked the shelves I assume.
Student: Yeah, I even checked other shelves and tables next to where the book should be.
Librarian: Well, it's still here in the library. So people must be using it. You know this seems to be a very popular book tonight. We show six copies. None are checked out. And, yet you didn't even find one copy on the shelves. Is it a big class?
分析：学生询问一本书的位置，图书管理员在排除了各种状态之后才得出结论，可见大家对于各种状态都要掌握。在官方真题Official 9 Conversation 2中学生询问图书管理员为什么他已经得到了extended borrowing privileges的书却被要求归还，管理员回答就是只要有其他人来借同本书，这本书就会被recalled。
三、相关动词
图书馆场景中必然会出现一些常用动词，如borrow, return这类简单的词汇，也会出现check in, check out, renew续借，recall召回，pay the fine付罚金，reserve, book预约或extend borrowing privilege延长借书期，photocopy等词汇，大家都需要牢牢记住。
如官方真题Official 9 Conversation 2中的对话：
L: Do you need all of it or is there a certain section or chapter you're working with?
S: I guess there is one particular chapter I've been using lately for a section of my thesis. Why?
L: Well, you can photocopy up to one chapter of the book. Why don't you do that for the chapter you're working on right now? And by the time you need the rest of the book, maybe it will have been returned. We can even do the photocopy for you because of the circumstances.
分析：学生表示只需用到其中一个chapter, 图书管理员随即表示可以帮他photocopy这个chapter。
Q. What does the woman offer to do for the man?
m Let the man know when a book he needs is returned to the library
m Photocopy a chapter of a book for him
m Ask a professor to return a book the man needs
m Find a copy of a book for him at another library
根据以上对话可判断第二个选项为本题答案。
四、图书馆各部门名称
官方真题Official 7 Conversation 2的内容为一个学生前来了解学校图书馆的各部门名称与位置，其中提及的各种名称都是大家在备考过程中必须掌握的，包括collection of rare books, photo copier room, history section, internet section, front desk等等。除此之外，大家也需要掌握以下同类词汇audio-video center视听中心，database数据库，copy room复印室。
五、图书馆相关政策与服务
在托福听力的图书馆场景中，图书馆的相关政策是比较严谨和严厉的，同时服务也是相当人性化的。同学们可以注意记住其中的一些的细节，在以后的留学生活中充分利用图书馆的资源和服务，更好地避免违反一些相关政策。下面新东方托福考试官网就带大家看看有哪些政策和服务：
? 政策：
第一、被召回的书会有还书期限，不在还书期内还过去，会受到不允许借书等的惩罚。如官方真题Official 9 Conversation 2
S: No, I left it in my dorm room. These are books I need to check out today. Is it OK if I bring that one by in a couple of days?
L: Actually, you need to return it today. That is if you want to check out those books today. That's our policy.
S: Oh, I didn't know that.
L: Yeah, not a lot of people realize that. In fact, every semester we get a few students who have their borrowing privileges suspended completely because they haven't returned books. They're allowed to use books only in the library. They're not allowed to check anything out because of unreturned books.
分析：此处有考题出现：
Q. What is the woman trying to explain when she mentions students who have lost their borrowing privileges?
m Why the man should not photocopy part of the book
m The reasons for one of the library's policies
m What will happen if the man does not return the book
m The reason the man has to fill out a form
根据此项政策，答案为第三项。
第二、一个班的学生需要用同一本参考书目来写论文，可以要求教授向图书馆预约对应学生数量的copies。如官方真题Official 14 Conversation 1
Librarian: Well, it's still here in the library. So people must be using it. You know this seems to be a very popular book tonight. We show six copies. None are checked out. And, yet you didn't even find one copy on the shelves. Is it a big class?
Student: Maybe about Seventy Five?
Librarian: Well, you should ask your professor to put some of the copies on reserve. You know about the ‘Reserve system', right?
? 服务：
首先，图书管理员会根据你的专业判断你的阅读需求。如官方真题Official 7 Conversation 2
L: Sure. I will be glad to. What's your major area of study?
S: Latin American Literature.
L: OK. Well, over here's the section where we have language, literature and the arts. And if you go down stairs you will find history section. Generally, the students who concentrate in Latin American literature find themselves research in the history section a lot.
分析：在得知学生是学拉丁美洲文学之后，图书管理员立刻向其介绍这位同学有可能用到的section。此处也有考题出现：
Q. Why does the librarian point out the history section to the student?
m She wants to point out the closest area containing copy machines
m She assumes that he will need to do research there
m The student is looking for a book he used at his last school
m Students sometimes mistakenly assume that the section contains literature books
根据对话内容答案为第二个选项。
更令人满意的是，学生提出的学术问题，只要图书管理员帮得上忙，他会尽量帮助。比如在官方真题Official 4 Conversation 1中学生需要研究一部play的影评，恰巧图书管理员在这部play刚开始表演的时候看过，所以主动为学生提供了许多有用的信息，学生最后表示完成教授的任务不再纠结了。
图书管理员会在能力范围以内为学生提供帮助。如官方真题Official 9 Conversation 2中学生正在使用中的书被召回，觉得很困惑不能理解，这时候图书管理员主动提出可以帮助学生复印他需要用的那部分。
最为人性化的一点是图书馆可以提供interlibrary loan service馆际服务。也就是说如果学生需要借一本此图书馆没有而其他图书馆有的书刊，那么图书馆可以代为从其他图书馆运过来这本书，非常人性化。请看官方真题Official 7 Conversation 2听力原文：
L: Our loan period is a month. Oh I should also mention that we have an inter-library loan service. If you need to get to hold a book that's not in our library, there is a truck that runs between our library and a few public and university libraries in this area. It comes around three times a week.
S: Hey, that's great! At my last school, it'd take a really long time to get the materials I needed. So when I had a project, I had to make a plan away in advance. This sounds much faster.
分析：对应的听力题目：
Q. What does the student imply about the interlibrary loan service at his last school?
m He never used it
m He came to appreciate it
m It was inconvenient
m It was expensive
根据听力内容此题答案为第三个选项。
尽管此处学生提到他的上一所学校这个服务的速度有些慢，不方便使用，但是至少可以证明国外学校的图书馆都是提供此类服务的。大家以后需要的话，可以好好利用这项服务。
