托福阅读中的指代题是出镜率相当高的题型之一，此外，在非托福的各种考试中，学生也常常会遇到类似的指代题，所以掌握指代题的题型分类和解题技巧对考学来说都是非常重要技能。
例一：Like the dinosaurs, some the pterosaurs became gigantic; the largest fossil discovered is of an individual that had a wingspan of 50 feet or more, larger than many airplanes. These flying reptiles had large, tooth-filled jaws, but their bodies were small and probably without the necessary powerful muscles for sustained wing movement. They must have been expert gliders, not skillful fliers, relying on wind power for their locomotion.
The word "They" in line 10 refers to
A.powerful muscles
B.bodies
C.jaws
D.flying reptiles
例二：With the advent of projection, the viewer's relationship with the image was no longer private, as it had been with earlier peepshow devices such as the Kinetoscope and the Mutoscope, which was a similar machine that reproduced motion by means of successive images on individual photographic cards instead of on strips of celluloid. It suddenly became public—an experience that the viewer shared with dozens, scores, and even hundreds of others.
The word “It” in the passage refers to
A.The advent of projection
B.The viewer's relationship with the image
C.A similar machine
D.Celluloid
例三：By holding in rather than venting "steam," we set the stage for future explosions. Pent-up aggressive impulses demand outlets. They may be expressed toward parents inindirect ways such as destroying furniture, or they may be expressed toward strangers later in life.
The word “they” in the passage refers to
A.future explosions
B.pent-up aggressive impulses
C.outlets
D.indirect ways
例四：Beneath the crust lies the mantle, a very different layer that extends approximately halfway to the Earth's center. There the rock is the subject of a battle between increasing heat and growing pressure.
3. The word "There" in line 12 refers to the
A.mantle
B.crust
C.seabed
D.Earth's center.
