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托福备考重点词汇语境记忆资料:Transition to Sound in Film

所谓语境记忆单词Transition to Sound in Film ,也就是将单词置于句子或课文中加以记忆的策略。而在应对托福词汇单词记忆的时候,由于其词汇量大,同时,我们除了学会词汇的拼写之外,还要更好的理解其的使用方法。那么,相信这样的语境记忆方法就是非常的适合了。那么,在以下内容中就为大家带来托福TPO阅读重点词汇语境记忆资料,希望能为大家的备考带来帮助。

所谓语境记忆单词Remember by the context ,也就是将单词置于句子或课文中加以记忆的策略。而在应对托福词汇单词记忆的时候,由于其词汇量大,同时,我们除了学会词汇的拼写之外,还要更好的理解其的使用方法。那么,相信这样的语境记忆方法就是非常的适合了。那么,在以下内容中就为大家带来托福TPO阅读重点词汇语境记忆资料,希望能为大家的备考带来帮助。

新托福之TPO阅读重点单词语境记忆之Transition to Sound in Film

The shift from silent to sound film at the end of the 1920s marks, so far, the most important transformation in motion picture history. Despite all the highly visible technological developments in theatrical and home delivery of the moving image that have occurred over the decades since then, no single innovation has come close to being regarded as a similar kind of watershed. In nearly every language, however the words are phrased, the most basic division in cinema history lies between films that are mute and films that speak.

Yet this most fundamental standard of historical periodization conceals a host of paradoxes. Nearly every movie theater, however modest, had a piano or organ to provide musical accompaniment to silent pictures. In many instances, spectators in the era before recorded sound experienced elaborate aural presentations alongside movies' visual images, from the Japanese benshi (narrators) crafting multivoiced dialogue narratives to original musical compositions performed by symphony-size orchestras in Europe and the United States. In Berlin, for the premiere performance outside the Soviet Union of The Battleship Potemkin, film director Sergei Eisenstein worked with Austrian composer Edmund Meisel (1874-1930) on a musical score matching sound to image; the Berlin screenings with live music helped to bring the film its wide international fame.

Beyond that, the triumph of recorded sound has overshadowed the rich diversity of technological and aesthetic experiments with the visual image that were going forward simultaneously in the 1920s. New color processes, larger or differently shaped screen sizes, multiple-screen projections, even television, were among the developments invented or tried out during the period, sometimes with startling success. The high costs of converting to sound and the early limitations of sound technology were among the factors that suppressed innovations or retarded advancement in these other areas. The introduction of new screen formats was put off for a quarter century, and color, though utilized over the next two decades for special productions, also did not become a norm until the 1950s.

Though it may be difficult to imagine from a later perspective, a strain of critical opinion in the 1920s predicted that sound film would be a technical novelty that would soon fade from sight, just as had many previous attempts, dating well back before the First World War, to link images with recorded sound. These critics were making a common assumption—that the technological inadequacies of earlier efforts (poor synchronization, weak sound amplification, fragile sound recordings) would invariably occur again. To be sure, their evaluation of the technical flaws in 1920s sound experiments was not so far off the mark, yet they neglected to take into account important new forces in the motion picture field that, in a sense, would not take no for an answer.

These forces were the rapidly expanding electronics and telecommunications companies that were developing and linking telephone and wireless technologies in the 1920s. In the United States, they included such firms as American Telephone and Telegraph, General Electric, and Westinghouse. They were interested in all forms of sound technology and all potential avenues for commercial exploitation. Their competition and collaboration were creating the broadcasting industry in the United States, beginning with the introduction of commercial radio programming in the early 1920s. With financial assets considerably greater than those in the motion picture industry, and perhaps a wider vision of the relationships among entertainment and communications media, they revitalized research into recording sound for motion pictures.

In 1929 the United States motion picture industry released more than 300 sound films—a rough figure, since a number were silent films with music tracks, or films prepared in dual versions, to take account of the many cinemas not yet wired for sound. At the production level, in the United States the conversion was virtually complete by 1930. In Europe it took a little longer, mainly because there were more small producers for whom the costs of sound were prohibitive, and in other parts of the world problems with rights or access to equipment delayed the shift to sound production for a few more years (though cinemas in major cities may have been wired in order to play foreign sound films). The triumph of sound cinema was swift, complete, and enormously popular.

托福核心单词

Paradox 悖论;矛盾的

原文:Yet this most fundamental standard of historical periodization conceals a host of paradoxes. 这项历史周期中最基础的的标志性事件却隐藏在一系列的矛盾中。

强化记忆:

Since then the paradox has become ever more baffling. 从那以后,这个悖论更加令人迷惑。

The trend has created an immigration paradox. 这种趋势造成了一种移民悖论。

Era 时期;时代

原文:In many instances, spectators in the era before recorded sound experienced elaborate aural presentations alongside movies' visual images. 在一些实例中,录音时代之前的观众都亲历过那种在电影放映画面的同时旁边是复杂的音效呈现。

强化记忆:

We are living in the computer. 我们正生活在计算机时代。

His death marked the end of an ear. 他的死标志着一个时代的结束。

Aural 听觉的;耳的

原文:In many instances, spectators in the era before recorded sound experienced elaborate aural presentations alongside movies' visual images. 在一些实例中,录音时代之前的观众都亲历过那种在电影放映画面的同时旁边是复杂的音效呈现。

强化记忆:

You can use these tapes as aural material. 你可以把这些磁带当作听力材料。

The opera was an aural as well as a visual delight. 这部歌剧对于听觉和视觉都是一种享受。

Premiere 初次演出

原文:In Berlin, for the premiere performance outside the Soviet Union of The Battleship Potemkin. 在柏林,为了能在露天公演的关于苏联的波利金战役。

强化记忆:

He achieved his premiere in a play. 他成功获得了初次演出戏剧的机会。

Anna will premiere a movie after graduation. 安娜将迎来毕业后第一次电影演出。

Overshadow 使阴暗;使失色

原文:Beyond that, the triumph of recorded sound has overshadowed the rich diversity of technological and aesthetic experiments with the visual image that were going forward simultaneously in the 1920s.除此之外,录音的辉煌还是使20世纪20年代同时百家争鸣的视觉影像方面的技术和审美实验的进步相形见绌。

强化记忆:

Large oak trees overshadow the garden. 高大的栎树把花园遮得很暗。

Despite her professional success, she is always overshadowed by her husband. 尽管她事业有成,但和丈夫相比总感觉逊色。

Triumph 胜利;成功

原文:Beyond that, the triumph of recorded sound has overshadowed the rich diversity of technological and aesthetic experiments with the visual image that were going forward simultaneously in the 1920s.除此之外,录音的辉煌还是使20世纪20年代同时百家争鸣的视觉影像方面的技术和审美实验的进步相形见绌。

强化记忆:

The winning team returned home in triumph. 球队凯旋而归。

She smiled with an air of triumph. 她的脸上闪露出胜利的微笑。

Aesthetic美学的

原文:Beyond that, the triumph of recorded sound has overshadowed the rich diversity of technological and aesthetic experiments with the visual image that were going forward simultaneously in the 1920s.除此之外,录音的辉煌还是使20世纪20年代同时百家争鸣的视觉影像方面的技术和审美实验的进步相形见绌。

强化记忆:

His aesthetic ideas were his own. 他有他自己的审美观念。

Music induces aesthetic feeling in us. 音乐使我们产生美感。

Simultaneously 同时地

原文:Beyond that, the triumph of recorded sound has overshadowed the rich diversity of technological and aesthetic experiments with the visual image that were going forward simultaneously in the 1920s.除此之外,录音的辉煌还是使20世纪20年代同时百家争鸣的视觉影像方面的技术和审美实验的进步相形见绌。

强化记忆:

The event will be telecast simultaneously to nearly 150 cities. 这一盛事将向近150个城市同时进行电视广播。

This machine can sew and cut the fabric simultaneously. 这台机器可以一边缝纫,一边裁布,同时运作。


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