托福阅读真题练习：生物多样性的文本+真题+答案

2017年11月10日14:16 来源：小站整理

参与（1） 阅读（7420）

托福阅读如何进行备考?除了大量的托福词汇储备以外，大家可能最需要的就是托福阅读真题的练习。那么除了官方真题Official你还有哪些托福阅读真题进行练习呢?今天小编就为大家整理了托福阅读真题100篇：生物多样性的文本、题目以及答案，希望可以帮助到大家。

托福阅读文本：

Biological diversity has become widely recognized as a critical conservation issue only in the past two decades. The rapid destruction of the tropical rain forests, which are the ecosystems with the highest known species diversity on Earth, has awakened people to the importance and fragility of biological diversity. The high rate of species extinctions in these environments is jolting, but it is important to recognize the significance of biological diversity in all ecosystems. As the human population continues to expand, it will negatively affect one after another of Earth's ecosystems. In terrestrial ecosystems and in fringe marine ecosystems (such as wetlands), the most common problem is habitat destruction. In most situations, the result is irreversible. Now humans are beginning to destroy marine ecosystems through other types of activities, such as disposal and run off of poisonous waste; in less than two centuries, by significantly reducing the variety of species on Earth, they have unraveled cons of evolution and irrevocably redirected its course.

Certainly, there have been periods in Earth's history when mass extinctions have occurred. The extinction of the dinosaurs was caused by some physical event, either climatic or cosmic. There have also been less dramatic extinctions, as when natural competition between species reached an extreme conclusion. Only .01 percent of the species that have lived on Earth have survived to the present, and it was largely chance that determined which species survived and which died out.

However, nothing has ever equaled the magnitude and speed with which the human species is altering the physical and chemical world and demolishing the environment. In fact, there is wide agreement that it is the rate of change humans are inflicting, even more than the changes themselves, that will lead to biological devastation. Life on Earth has continually been in flux as slow physical and chemical changes have occurred on Earth, but life needs time to adapt — time for migration and genetic adaptation within existing species and time for the proliferation of new genetic material and new species that may be able to survive in new environments.

托福阅读题目：

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) Why people in preindustrial societies worked few hours per week

(B) Changes that have occurred in the number of hours that people work per week

(C)A comparison of the number of hours worked per year in several industries

(D) Working conditions during the Industrial Revolution

2. Compared to preiudustrial times, the number of hours in the workweek in the nineteenth

century

(A) remained constant

(B) decreased slightly

(C) decreased significantly

(D) increased significantly

3. The word "norm" in line 5 is closest in meaning to

(A) minimum.

(B) example

(C) possibility

(D) standard

4. The word "henceforth" in line 13 is closest in meaning to

(A) in the end

(B) for a brief period

(C) from that time on

(D) on occasion

5. The "idea" mentioned in line 15 refers to

(A) the 60-hour workweek

(B) the reduction in the cost of automobiles

(C) the reduction in the workweek at some automobile factories

(D) the criticism of Ford by United States Steel and Westinghouse

6. What is one reason for the change in the length of the workweek for the average worker in the

United States during the 1930's?

(A) Several people sometimes shared a single job.

(B) Labor strikes in several countries influenced labor policy in the United States.

(C) Several corporations increased the length of the workweek.

(D) The United States government instituted a 35-hour workweek.

7. Which of the following is mentioned as one of the purposes of the Fair Labor Standards Act of

1938 ?

(A) to discourage workers from asking for increased wages

(B) to establish a limit on the number of hours in the workweek

(C) to allow employers to set the length of the workweek for their workers

(D) to restrict trade with countries that had a long workweek

8. The word "mandated" in line 18 is closest in meaning to

(A) required

(B) recommended

(C) eliminated

(D) considered

9. The word "immutable" in line 21 is closest in meaning to

(A) unmatched

(B) irregular

(C) unnecessary

(D) unchangeable

10. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as evidence that the length of the workweek has

been declining since the nineteenth century?

(A) The half-day holiday (line 7)

(B) Henry Ford (lines 11-12)

(C) United States Steel and Westinghouse (line 14-15)

(D) German metalworkers (line 21)

11. According to the passage , one goal of the Japanese government is to reduce the average

annual amount of work to

(A) 1,646 hours

(B) 1,800 hours

(C) 1,957 hours

(D) 2,088 hours

托福阅读答案：

CBBCD CDAD

以上就是小编为大家整理的托福阅读100篇真题练习：生物多样性的文本、题目以及答案，大家在托福阅读考试进行备考的过程当中也可以拿这些题目来进行练习，相信对于你的托福阅读考试成绩提升会很有帮助。最后，小编预祝大家托福考试能取得理想的成绩。