新托福写作素材有哪些?友谊与竞争类素材整理

2017年08月02日16:20 来源：小站整理: 参与（0）阅读（5342）

摘要：在托福写作当中，如果想要在考试当中快速的进入写作状态，找到得心应手且正确的例子来使用，那么平时的积累是必不可少的。不知道大家平时有没有准备托福写作素材的习惯，小编认为这个很重要。这里小编为大家整理了友谊与竞争相关的写作素材，分享给大家。

托福写作当中，我们准备的素材是可以直接应用到我们的作文当中去的。积累这些对大家的写作是很有帮助的。这里小编就为大家整理托福写作友谊与竞争类素材，大家在托福备考的时候可以花一些时间来记一下哦。

新托福写作素材汇总:http://toefl.zhan.com/tfziliao59292.html

新托福写作素材：友谊与竞争

Friendly Competition?

It’s Not Just the Guys

Competition is a social process where people try their best to do something better than others so they can win. Although most research on competition is focused on males, it’s not just men who are obsessed with winning.Contrary to conventional wisdom, men and women can be equally competitive. However, women and men tend compete in different areas, which reduces the amount of cross-gender competition that might otherwise be apparent in everyday situations. A certain amount of competition can be helpful when it motivates us, but it can be harmful in personal relationships, resulting in stress and relational dissatisfaction.

Women Compete for Men

Research on competition among women tends to be focused on females competing for males. For example, one study found that women tend to be more hostile toward women who dress in a sexually provocative way and would be less likely to befriend such women.

Competition Between Coworkers

There has been less research into female-female competition in other domains, or male-female competition in any area. However, one recent study examined competition in the work environment, looking at feelings ofjealousy between coworkers. They found that for men, social dominance and good social skills evoked the most jealousy, followed by physical dominance; greater physical attractiveness in a coworker generated the lowest level of jealousy. For women, the results were a bit different. Good social skills were the most jealousy-evoking, followed by social dominance and physical attractiveness, with physical dominance evoking the lowest level of jealousy. Interestingly, this effect was influenced by the presence of a same-sex supervisor, which seemed to boost competition and make rival coworker characteristics feel even more threatening.

Friends May Compete Against Each Other

Traditionally, competition is thought of as a rivalry in which the success of one requires the failure of the other. But competition between friends may be a different animal. Interpersonal competition is a dynamic, ongoing process, where individuals may vie to out-do one another in a multitude of domains. Male friends may compete in sports, academic success, income, or status at work. Female friends tend to compete in areas such as attractiveness, fashion sense, weight, financial status, and the success of their children.

Competition Can Be Unfriendly

The issue of competition between friends and colleagues is important because although competition canmotivate people to excel, it can also cause problems such as jealousy and envy. Trying to prove one’s superiority is personally threatening, therefore, competition can be harmful to a relationship at any stage of development. Relationships are less satisfying if one or both people feel like they are not measuring up, or that someone considered a friend is gloating over their failures.

In its worst form, competition can lead to broken relationships and relational aggression. In many instances competition is motivated by a lack of self-esteem, leading a person to prove their worth at another’s expense. Unhealthy competition is also fostered by Western society’s individualistic value system thatemphasizes winning at all costs and “survival of the fittest.” However, cooperation facilitaties better quality relationships than competition.

If you find you are obsessed with being the best or are competing with your friends at the expense of a good relationship, you might consider finding new targets to motivate yourself. For example, improve on your personal best at work or at the gym. Think of your friends and coworkers as resources rather than rivals. Set long and short term goals for yourself and focus on meeting those rather than outdoing others. These types of victories will be more meaningful and satisfying in the long run.

最新托福写作素材适用题目：

Competition among friends usually has a negative impact on friendship. Use details and examples to support your opinion.

最新托福写作素材摘抄：

a social process：一个社会的过程

is focused on：重点是

are obsessed with：痴迷于

Contrary to conventional wisdom：与传统观念相反

be equally competitive：同样的具有竞争力的

A certain amount of competition can be helpful when it motivates us, but it can be harmful in personal relationships, resulting in stress and relational dissatisfaction.

一定数量的竞争可以帮助激励我们,但在人际关系它也可能是有害的,导致压力和关系的不满。

tend to be more hostile toward：往往对... 有敌视

dress in a sexually provocative way：穿着性挑衅

in other domains：在其他领域

examined competition in the work environment：研究了工作环境中的竞争

feelings of jealousy between coworkers：同事之间嫉妒的感觉

social dominance and good social skills evoked the most jealousy：社会地位和良好的社会技能最能引起嫉妒

physical dominance：身体优势

competition is thought of as a rivalry：竞争被认为是竞争

Interpersonal competition is a dynamic, ongoing process, where individuals may vie to out-do one another in a multitude of domains.

人与人之间的竞争是一个动态的、持续的过程,个人不得不在许多领域竞争并超越彼此。

compete in sports, academic success, income, or status at work：在体育、学术成就、收入或工作状态等领域竞争